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Special Families of Polynomials

Subsections

Orthogonal Polynomials

ChebyshevFirst(n) : RngIntElt -> RngUPolElt
ChebyshevT(n) : RngIntElt -> RngUPolElt
Given a positive integer n, this function constructs the Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind T_n(x), where T_n(x) is defined by T_n(x) = cos n theta with x = cos theta.
ChebyshevSecond(n) : RngIntElt -> RngUPolElt
ChebyshevU(n) : RngIntElt -> RngUPolElt
Given a positive integer n, this function constructs the Chebyshev polynomial of the second kind, U_n(x), of degree n - 1. The polynomial is defined by by U_n(x) = ((1) /(n)) T_n ' (x) = ((sin n theta) /(sin theta)) where x = cos theta.

LegendrePolynomial(n) : RngIntElt -> RngUPolElt
Given a positive integer n, this function constructs the Legendre polynomial P_n(x) of degree n, where P_n(x) is defined by eqalign(P_0(x) &= 1, P_1(x) = x, cr P_n(x) &= (1 /(n)) ((2n - 1) x P_(n - 1)(x) - (n - 1) P_(n - 2)(x)).)
LaguerrePolynomial(n) : RngIntElt -> RngUPolElt
LaguerrePolynomial(n, m) : RngIntElt, RngElt -> RngUPolElt
Given a positive integer n, this function constructs the Laguerre polynomial L_n^m(x) of degree n with parameter m. If m is omitted, it is assumed to be zero if it is not specified. The polynomial satisfies the recurrence relation eqalign(L_0(x) &= 1, L_1(x) = 1 + m - x, cr L_n(x) &= (1 /n) (((2n + m - 1) - x) L_(n - 1)^m(x) - (n - 1 + m) L_(n - 2)^m(x)).)
HermitePolynomial(n) : RngIntElt -> RngUPolElt
Given a positive integer integer n, this function constructs the Hermite polynomial H_n(x) of degree n, where H_n(x) is defined by eqalign(H_0(x) &= 1, H_1(x) = 2x, cr H_n(x) &= 2x H_(n - 1)(x) - 2n H_(n - 2)(x).)
GegenbauerPolynomial(n, m) : RngIntElt, RngElt ->RngUPolElt
Given a positive integer n and an integer m, this function constructs the Gegenbauer polynomial C_n^m(x) of degree n with parameter m, where C_n^m(x) is defined by eqalign(C_0^m(x) &= 1, C_1^m(x) = 2 m x, cr C_n^m(x) &= (1 /n)(2(n - 1 + m) x C_(n - 1)^m(x) - (n + 2m - 2) C_(n - 2)^m(x)).)

Permutation Polynomials

DicksonFirst(n, a) : RngIntElt, RngElt -> RngUPolElt
Given a positive integer n, this function constructs the Dickson polynomial of the first kind D_n (x, a) of degree n, where D_n (x, a) is defined by D_n(x, a) = sum_(i=0)^( Floor(n/2)) (n /(n - i)) ((n - i) choose i) ( - a)^i x^(n - 2i).

DicksonSecond(n, a) : RngIntElt, RngElt -> RngUPolElt
Given a positive integer n, this function constructs the Dickson polynomial of the second kind E_n (x, a) of degree n, where E_n (x, a) is defined by E_n(x, a) = sum_(i=0)^( Floor(n/2)) ((n - i) choose (i)) ( - a)^i x^(n - 2i).

The Bernoulli Polynomial

BernoulliPolynomial(n) : RngIntElt -> RngUPolElt
Given a positive integer n, this function constructs the n-th Bernoulli polynomial.

Swinnerton-Dyer Polynomials

SwinnertonDyerPolynomial(n) : RngIntElt -> RngUPolElt
Given a positive integer n, this function constructs the n-th Swinnerton-Dyer polynomial, which is defined to be prod (x +- Sqrt(2) +- Sqrt(3) +- Sqrt(5) +- ... +- Sqrt(p_n)), where p_i is the i-th prime and the product runs over all 2^n possible combinations of + and - signs. This polynomial lies in Z[x], has degree 2^n, and is irreducible over Z.

See Example H44E5 above which explains more about this class of polynomials, and see also Example H56E2 in the chapter on algebraically closed fields to see how these polynomials are constructed and also for a generalization.

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